What does the molecular formula of a compound indicate?

The molecular formula of a compound provides the actual number of atoms of each element present in a single molecule of that substance. For example, the molecular formula for water is H2O, which indicates there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom in each molecule of water. This direct representation of the composition allows chemists to understand the specific makeup of the compound, which is crucial for both chemical reactions and understanding its behavior.

While the other options may touch on some aspects of chemical compounds, they do not accurately reflect what the molecular formula conveys. It does not indicate the total charge (which is related to ionic compounds), nor does it express the simplest ratio of elements, as that is characteristic of the empirical formula. Additionally, chemical properties are influenced by the arrangement and types of atoms within a compound rather than being directly indicated by the molecular formula itself. Thus, option C clearly encapsulates the key information conveyed by a molecular formula.