Which particles have low penetrating ability compared to electrons?

Alpha particles have low penetrating ability compared to electrons due to their larger mass and positive charge. Being composed of two protons and two neutrons, they are significantly heavier than the much lighter and negatively charged electrons. This increased mass and charge result in greater interaction with matter, meaning alpha particles are more likely to collide with atoms, losing their energy quickly.

As a result, alpha particles can typically be stopped by just a piece of paper or even the outer layers of human skin. In contrast, electrons, which are much lighter and have a smaller charge, can penetrate matter more effectively, allowing them to travel further before losing energy. This characteristic of alpha particles makes them less penetrating than electrons, highlighting their distinct behavior in relation to various forms of radiation.